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Physics

Radiation

Search Publications

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  • Published Date
Displaying 1 - 25 of 477

NIST Neutron Source Pre-Conceptual Design

February 10, 2025
Author(s)
David Diamond, Abdullah Weiss, Osman Celikten, Jeremy Cook, Dagistan Sahin, Hubert King, Anil Gurgen, Joy Shen
A pre-conceptual design has been completed for a NIST Neutron Source (NNS). It would replace the existing facility at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) to enable significantly more thermal and cold neutrons to be used in many more experiments

A bilateral comparison of 227Th activity standards between NPL and NIST

February 3, 2025
Author(s)
Andrew Fenwick, Denis Bergeron, Brittany Broder, Emma Bendall, Jeffrey Cessna, Sean Collins, Leticia Pibida, Natasha Ramirez, Elisa Napoli
The National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (United States) each determined the massic activity and effective separation time of a common solution of 227Th. Measurements at both laboratories were

Activity measurements and calibrations for 225Ac in radioactive equilibrium with its progeny

December 9, 2024
Author(s)
Denis Bergeron, Gulakhshan Hamad, Brittany Broder, Jeffrey Cessna, Adam Pearce, Jerome LaRosa, Leticia Pibida, Brian E. Zimmerman
The massic activity of 225Ac in 0.1 mol/L HCl was measured by multiple primary methods over four consistent measurement campaigns. Results from the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method of liquid scintillation (LS) counting were in accord with

Spectroscopic Measurements and Models of Energy Deposition in the Substrate of Quantum Circuits by Natural Ionizing Radiation

November 12, 2024
Author(s)
Joseph Fowler, Paul Szypryt, Raymond Bunker, Ellen Edwards, Ian Fogarty Florang, JIANSONG GAO, Shannon Hoogerheide, Ben Loer, Hans Mumm, Nathan Nakamura, John Orrell, Elizabeth M. Scott, Jason Stevens, Daniel Swetz, Brent VanDevender, Michael Vissers, Joel Ullom
Naturally occurring background radiation is a potential source of correlated decoherence events in superconducting qubits that will challenge error-correction schemes. In order to characterize the radiation environment in an unshielded laboratory

Gravimetric drop-on-demand inkjet deposition for imaging phantoms with traceable activity

October 7, 2024
Author(s)
Sean Jollota, Denis Bergeron, R. Michael Verkouteren, Svetlana Nour, Ryan Fitzgerald, Ohyun Kwon, Jeffrey Radtke, Bryan Bednarz, Brian Miller, Larry DeWerd
Autoradiography can be an important tool in preclinical investigations with alpha-emitting radionuclides. Precise biodistribution studies establish the effectiveness of chemical "targeting" strategies, assuring that the promise of targeted alpha therapy

System Vicarious Calibration requirements for satellite ocean colour missions targeting climate and global long-term operational applications

June 24, 2024
Author(s)
B. Carol Johnson, Giuseppe Zibordi, Ewa Kwiatkowska, Kenneth Voss, Frederic Melin, David Antoine, Menghua Wang, Shuguo Chen, Constant Mazeran, Brian Barnes, Jee-Eun Min
System Vicarious Calibration (SVC) is the technique that maximizes the accuracy of satellite ocean colour data products by minimizing the impact of inaccuracies affecting the absolute radiometric calibration of the space sensor and the atmospheric

Early Electroscopes at the National Bureau of Standards

May 17, 2024
Author(s)
Bert Coursey, Brian E. Zimmerman, Michael G. Mitch, Paul Frame
This report describes the use of five electroscopes used as national standards for radioactivity for the United States during the early 20th century. This set of instruments were used for the calibration of thousands of radium-226 sources used in medical

Benford's law in atomic spectra and opacity databases

April 21, 2024
Author(s)
Yuri Ralchenko, Jean-Christophe Pain
The intriguing law of anomalous numbers, also named Benford's law, states that the significant digits of data follow a logarithmic distribution favoring the smallest values. In this work, we test the compliance with this law of the atomic databases

Activity standard and calibrations for 227Th with ingrowing progeny

April 20, 2024
Author(s)
Denis E. Bergeron, Jeffrey T. Cessna, Brittany Broder, Leticia Pibida, Ryan P. Fitzgerald, Morgan DiGiorgio, Elisa Napoli, Brian E. Zimmerman
Thorium-227 was separated from its progeny and standardized for activity by the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method of liquid scintillation counting. Confirmatory liquid scintillation-based measurements were made using efficiency tracing with

Zeeman effect in the weak and intermediate field regime of Kr isotopes at the linear plasma device PSI-2

February 16, 2024
Author(s)
Yuri Ralchenko, DIPTI DIPTI, Oleksandr Marchuk, Marc Sackers, Stephan Ertmer, Sebastijan Brezinsek, Arkadi Kreter
Laser absorption spectroscopy provides high-resolution spectra of atomic transitions that reveal many often inaccessible nuances. Correctly analyzing the absorption spectra is impossible without accurately capturing the line shape. We demonstrate in this

Efficient Synthesis and HPLC-Based Characterization for Developing Vanadium-48-Labeled Vanadyl Acetylacetonate as a Novel Cancer Radiotracer for PET Imaging

February 9, 2024
Author(s)
Brittany Broder, Mohammed Bhuiyan, Richard Freifelder, David Rotsch, Satish Chitneni, Marvin William Makinen, Chin-Tu Chen
Bis(acetylacetonato)oxidovanadium(IV) [(VO(acac)2], generally known as vanadyl acetylacetonate, has been shown to be preferentially sequestered in malignant tissue. Vanadium-48 (48V) generated with a compact medical cyclotron has been used to label VO(acac

Simultaneous characterization of operando multi-material distribution via high-contrast correlative tomographic microscopy

November 8, 2023
Author(s)
Pranay Shrestha, Jacob LaManna, Kieran Fahy, Pascal Kim, ChungHyuk Lee, Jason Lee, Elias Baltic, David Jacobson, Daniel Hussey, Aimy Bazylak
High-contrast tomographic microscopy of evolving multi-material systems, such as electrochemical devices, offers a unique and often exclusive perspective into inner workings of these complex systems. Here, we characterize the operando spatiotemporal

Unintended consequences: Assessing thermo-mechanical changes in vinyl nitrile foam due to micro-computed X-ray tomographic imaging

October 5, 2023
Author(s)
Alexander Landauer, Zois Tsinas, Orion Kafka, Newell Moser, Jack Leigh Glover, Aaron M. Forster
Micro-computed X-ray tomography (μCT) is a volumetric imaging tool used to quantify the internal structure of materials. μCT imaging with mechanical testing (in situ μCT) helps visualize strain-induced structural changes and develop structure-property

Comparison of the detection efficiency calibration of a single-photon avalanche detector between NIST and PTB

September 12, 2023
Author(s)
Hristina Georgieva, Thomas Gerrits, Helmuth Hofer, Anouar Rahmouni, Oliver T. Slattery, Marco Lopez, Joshua Bienfang, Alan Migdall, Stefan Kueck
The detection efficiency of a commercial single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD) has been independently determined at two national metrology institutes, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - USA and the Physikalisch-Technische

Gravimetric deposition of microliter drops with radiometric confirmation

September 9, 2023
Author(s)
Denis E. Bergeron, Richard Essex, Svetlana Nour, Gordon A. Shaw, R. Michael Verkouteren, Ryan P. Fitzgerald
A manual gravimetric dispensing technique is demonstrated using a micropipettor modified for use with removeable microcapillaries. Liquid scintillation sources were prepared from a well-characterized 241Am reference solution, providing a radiometric check

Accelerator-Based Production of Scandium Radioisotopes for Applications in Prostate Cancer: Toward Building a Pipeline for Rapid Development of Novel Theranostics

August 13, 2023
Author(s)
Jason Meier, Hannah Zhang, Richard Freifelder, Mohammed Bhuiyan, Phillip Selman, Megan Mendez, Pavithra Kankanamalage, Thomas Brossard, Antonino Pusateri, Hsiu-Ming Tsai, Lara Leoni, Sagada Penano, Kaustab Ghosh, Brittany Broder, Erica Markiewicz, Amy Renne, Walter Stadler, Ralph Weichselbaum, Jerry Nolen, Chien-Min Kao, Satish Chitneni, David Rotsch, Russell Szmulewitz, Chin-Tu Chen
In the field of nuclear medicine, the β+ emitting 43Sc and β- emitting 47Sc are promising candidates in cancer diagnosis and targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) due to their fa-vorable decay schema and shared pharmacokinetics as a true theranostic pair

Assessment of Dose Reduction Strategies in Wavelength-Selective Neutron Tomography

July 31, 2023
Author(s)
Daniel Hussey, Peter Bajcsy, Paul A. Kienzle, Jacob LaManna, David Jacobson, Victoria DiStefano, Daniel Pelt, James Sethian
The goal of this study is to determine variable relationships and a computational workflow that yield the highest quality of three-dimensional reconstructions in neutron imaging applications with reduced number of projections angles. Neutrons interact with

Testing dielectric slab mode excitation, non-rectangular conductor profiles and edge roughness as sources of additional loss in mmWave transmission lines

July 28, 2023
Author(s)
Florian Bergmann, Nicholas Jungwirth, Bryan Bosworth, Jason Killgore, Eric Marksz, Tomasz Karpisz, Meagan Papac, Anna Osella, Lucas Enright, Christian Long, Nathan Orloff
Losses in mmWave transmission lines often exceed first-principles predictions based on measurements of dc resistivity and the nominal conductor geometry. In our case, we observed an additional distributed resistance of coplanar waveguides on DyScO3

H2 Generation by the 10B(n,alpha)7Li Reaction in High Temperature Water

July 4, 2023
Author(s)
Alan Keith Thompson, Mohamad Al-Sheikhly, Steven Guerin, David Bartels, Cameron Goodwin, Sangho Nam
H2 produced in water from the 10B(n,α)7Li fission reaction has been measured up to 300 oC. Thermal energy neutrons from the Rhode Island Nuclear Science Center's 2 MW reactor interact with boric acid-containing water in temperature-controlled high-pressure

Oxidation caused by water outgassed from the thermal blanket on the SDO spacecraft

June 23, 2023
Author(s)
Robert F. Berg, Charles S. Tarrio, FRANCIS EPARVIER, ANDREW JONES
The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is a sun-observing spacecraft that includes two spectrometers that use aluminum membranes to filter solar radiation. The transmission of those filters degraded by a factor of 5 during the first five years after launch