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During the COVID-19 pandemic and concurrent natural disasters, small businesses were hard hit by decreased consumer demand, supply chain interruptions, and increased costs. To understand the impacts of these complex, large-scale events and organizations'
Azin Al Kajbaf, Christina Gore, Jennifer Helgeson, Jarrod Loerzel
Paycheck protection program (PPP) loans were established during the COVID-19 pandemic to help certain businesses continue paying their employees. Paycheck protection program loans were meant to help businesses recover from the disruptions caused by the
Jennifer Helgeson, Christopher Clavin, Maria Dillard, Juan Fung, Christina Gore, Kenneth Harrison, Terri McAllister, Kelly Anderson, David Butry, Tasnim Ibn Faiz, Michael Gerst, Donghwan Gu, William Hughes, Dylan Sanderson
Oliver Boyd, William Barnhart, James Bourke, Martin Chapman, Paul Earle, Guo-chin Dino Huang, Jessica Thompson Jobe, Won-Young Kim, Frederik Link, Mairi Litherland, Andrew Lloyd, Maureen D. Long, Sara McBride, Andrew Michael, Walter Mooney, Gregory Mountain, Aspasia Nikolaou, Alexandros Savvaidis, Felix Waldhauser, Cecily Wolfe, Clara Yoon
On April 5, 2024, at 10:23 am local time, a moment magnitude 4.8 earthquake struck Tewksbury Township, NJ, about 65 km west of the New York City metropolitan area. Millions of people from Virginia to Maine and beyond felt the ground shaking, resulting in
Yating Zhang, Siamak Sattar, Dustin Cook, Katherine Johnson, Juan Fung
The building and construction sector is the largest carbon emitter, accounting for more than one-third of annual global emissions. The emissions can be divided into operational and embodied carbon, associated with building operations and building materials
Risk fundamentally influences strategic planning, investment management, and policy formulation across businesses, governments, and communities. Accurately measuring risk preferences and perceptions at both individual and community levels is indispensable
This report details the importance of nonmarket valuation techniques for community resilience planning. Community resilience planning decisions involve making trade-offs between the benefits and costs of different resilience projects. In order to make
Melanie Despeisse, Bjorn Johansson, KC Morris, Kelsea Schumacher, Laura Espinal
Advanced manufacturing research for sustainable battery life cycles is of utmost importance to reach net zero carbon emissions (European Commission, 2023b) as well as several of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs), for example: 30%
Community resilience planning often requires quantifying and understanding the trade-offs that communities make between the benefits and costs of different resilience actions. The Economic Decision Guide walks communities through the steps to evaluate
Michael Dunaway, Thomas Roth, Edward Griffor, David A. Wollman
This document provides a strategy and a project plan for the Global Community Technology Challenge, a federal smart cities program led by the Smart Connected Systems Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, an agency of the U.S
The National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) investigations of disasters and failures that affect the United States including devastating hurricanes like Hurricane Maria (NIST, 2023), require the assessment of risk communication, especially
Juan Fung, Zongxia Li, Daniel Stephens, Andrew Mao, Pranav Goel, Emily Walpole, Alden A. Dima, Jordan Boyd-Graber
In this report, we address the following question: to what extent can machine learning assist a human with traditional text analysis, such as content analysis or grounded theory in the social sciences? In practice, such tasks require humans to review and
Yating Zhang, Juan Fung, Dustin Cook, Katherine Johnson, Siamak Sattar
This paper reviews the state of the art in using benefit–cost analysis (BCA) to inform earthquake risk reduction decisions by building owners and policymakers. The goal is to provide a roadmap for the application and future development of BCA methods and
Yating Zhang, Bilal Ayyub, Juan Fung, Zachary Labe
In the last decade, the detection and attribution science that links climate change to extreme weather and climate events has emerged as a growing field of research with an increasing body of literature. This paper overviews the methods for extreme event
We present the long-term timing accuracy of STL receivers by validating their performance against UTC(NIST), the timing reference at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), for a duration of 100 days. STL is a mature timing and location
Business interruption after disasters is an important metric for community resilience planning because has both economic and social consequences. Each additional day that a business is nonoperational further compounds lost revenue, wages, and lack of
Over 5 years, multiple hurricanes and a pandemic impacted small businesses in Charleston, South Carolina. In order to better understand the impacts of disasters on public-facing small businesses, we conducted a case study of customer, labor, location, and
Gabriel Taylor, Anthony D. Putorti Jr., Scott Bareham, Christopher U. Brown, Wai Cheong Tam, Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Stephen Fink, Michael Heck, Edward Hnetkovsky, Nicholas Melly, Kenneth Hamburger, Kenneth Miller
This report documents an experimental program designed to investigate high energy arcing fault (HEAF) phenomena for medium-voltage, metal-enclosed bus ducts and switchgear. This report covers full-scale laboratory experiments using representative nuclear
Ariela Zycherman, Jennifer Helgeson, Claudia Nierenberg
At the U.S. Department of Commerce, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate and Adaptation Partnerships (CAP) Program and the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Community Resilience Program (CRP)
This article offers an analysis of the 2020-2021 national response to the COVID-19 global pandemic from the perspective of professional community and state-level emergency managers. The study was conducted by a research team of the Emergency Management