OSAC Lexicon
The OSAC Lexicon is a compendium of forensic science terms and definitions. This terminology tool was created to help bring consistency and understanding to the way terms are used by the various forensic science. Use of the OSAC Lexicon does not replace the need to reference the original published source.
The terms and definitions in the OSAC Lexicon come from the published literature, including documentary standards and technical reports. It is continually updated with the latest work from OSAC units, as well as terms from newly published documentary standards and standards elevated to the OSAC Registry.
Gradually terms are evaluated and harmonized by the OSAC to a single term. This process results in an OSAC Preferred Term. An OSAC Preferred Term is a term, along with its definition, that has undergone review and evaluation by the FSSB Terminology Task Group and has been approved by the FSSB. The FSSB recommends that subcommittees use OSAC Preferred Terms when drafting standards.
The OSAC Lexicon should be the primary resource for terminology and used when drafting and editing forensic science standards and other OSAC work products.
a coating sample whose original source is unknown.
material collected as or from items of evidence which have a known location but an unknown originating source.
Discussion—Soil evidence of unknown origin, or questioned soil sample, typically consists of: debris adhering to an evidentiary object or exhibit (for example, tire, wheel well, garment, shoe, digging tool); foreign soil left at a crime scene (for example, transferred from a shoe/tire, or adhering to a re-buried body/object); or debris recovered from on or within a body (for example, nasal, stomach, or lung contents).
geological evidence of unknown origin, or a questioned sample, typically consists of debris adhering to an evidentiary object (for example, tire, wheel well, garment, shoe, digging tool); exogenous soil left at a crime scene (transferred from a shoe/tire, or adhering to a re-buried body/object); or debris recovered from within a body (nasal, stomach, or lung contents).
soil evidence of unknown origin, or questioned soil sample, typically consists of: debris adhering to an evidentiary object or exhibit (for example, tire, wheel well, garment, shoe, digging tool); exogenous soil left at a crime scene (for example, transferred from a shoe/tire, or adhering to a re-buried body/object); or debris recovered from within a body (for example, nasal, stomach, or lung contents).
A voice signal from an individual who is unknown and has not yet been linked to anypreviously encountered individual. Note: The task of speaker identification is to link aquestioned voice signal to a known voice signal through determination of a commonspeaker.
A multimedia framework developed by Apple, Inc. It allows the use of many differentcodec formats. The native file format for QuickTime video specifies a multimediacontainer file that contains one or more tracks. Each track either contains a digitallyencoded media stream using a specific format or a data reference to the media streamlocated in another file.
Electromagnetic transmission of heat energy; increases the sensible temperature of any substance capable of absorbing the radiation, especially solid and opaque objects.
Heat transfer by way of electromagnetic waves that are longer than visible light waves and shorter than radio waves.
An image produced on a sensitive plate or film by X-rays or similar radiation, and typically used in medical examination.
An image produced on a sensitive plate or film by x-rays or similar radiation, and typically used in medical examination range of motion.
a type of temporary data storage (memory) that can be read and changed while the computer is in use.
Discussion—Data stored in random-access memory is lost if the system loses power.
When the choice of something or the placement of something is random the source placed is equally likely to be either location.
The subconscious impulse on the part of the canine to rise in status within the pack social order
A Category 0 scoring function. See 4.2.4. A rank-score only scoring function is either non-quantified, inconsistent, or non-explainable.
the pattern scanned by the electron beam on a sample; the raster dimensions change inversely with magnification.
See heat release Rate (HRR).
in image analysis, a digital camera or scanner file format, usually proprietary, for minimally processed digital image data.
Ordinate values that come directly from the instrument which have not been manipulated (e.g.,trimmed, filtered, and/or interpolation applied).
A family of file formats, often specific to different models of digital imageryequipment, that are not yet processed for storage in a 'printable' image format such asJPEG or TIFF. The file extension '.raw' is only one such format.
thin oblong crystals with length about twice the width, resembling a safety razor blade.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
a type of permanent data storage (memory) that can be read but not altered by the system.
Discussion—Data stored in read-only memory is not affected by power loss to the system.
A chemical used to react with another chemical, often to confirm or deny the presence of the second chemical.
a chemical used to react with another chemical, often to confirm or deny the presene of the second chemical.
A verbal command given to the canine, terminating with the canine returning to the canine handler. The canine's response to return to the canine handler on command.
The recall rate is also known as true positive rate. It is defined as the number (or percentage) of toolmark specimens containing a Known-Match in the test set for which a Known-Match is correctly determined.
The document or other substrate that received indentations, other paper fiber disturbances, or other markings.
A document that is similar in content and structure to a code or standard but that contains only nonmandatory provisions using the word 'should' to indicate recommendations in the body of the text.
process of repairing damaged media to allow the retrieval of data.
Document with observations, statements of results achieved, or evidence of activities performed.
A defined set of fields that contain data as defined in this standard.
The act of converting an acoustic voice signal directly from an individual into a storagemedia, perhaps through contemporaneous, intermediate (transient) signal types. Note:This definition is retained because of its entrenchment in natural language use.Consequently, a record (n) is not recorded, it is created. Transcoding is the term usedfor further processing of the voice signal and any digital or analog representation of thatsignal.
Objective evidence of a condition, result, work performed, activity conducted, and/or quality of asystem or process for archival purposes.
The act of creating a record contained in an ANSI/NIST-ITL transaction.
A record/log in the use of a trained canine team in an operational environment, as opposed to training records. A log constituting a piece of evidence about the past, especially an account of an act or occurrence kept in writing or some other permanent form, i.e., electronic format. (See deployment record or utilization record.)
chemical, term used in analytical and preparative chemistry to denote the fraction of the total quantity of a substance recoverable following a chemical procedure.
Over-writing of segments of a voice signal for the purpose of masking speech content ina way that does not disrupt the time record of the original recording.
Data derived from biological specimens of a known individual.
The assembly of data related to a specific identifiable human group comprising all the relevant information to enable dental age assessment.
A reference measurement of a flat surface (e.g., mirror) which includes the errors and opticalaberrations of the measurement system. This data file can be stored and subtracted from allsubsequent measurements.
an ignitable liquid used for comparison with case data for classification purposes.
Discussion—Reference ignitable liquids can be obtained from a variety of sources, due to the large range of applications of ignitable liquids.
Material, sufficiently homogenous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which have been established to be fit for intended use in a measurement or in examination of nominal properties
Biological specimens of known identity or data derived from them, or from published sources. Voucher specimens are a subset of reference material (see voucher specimen).
Material, sufficiently homogenous and stable with reference to specified properties, which have been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement or in examination of nominal properties.
Material, sufficiently homogenous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement.
Biological specimens of known identity or data derived from them.